Project A4

ΔE-effect Sensors

ΔE-effect magnetic field sensors utilize the frequency shift of a high frequency electromechanical resonator due to the change in the Young’s modulus of a magnetostrictive component in a magnetic field. The sensor allows broadband magnetic field measurements at low frequencies and are very robust. Based on successful preparatory work, the project aims at exploring the best overall strategy for ΔE-effect sensors, including different sensor geometries and resonance modes, new piezoelectric materials, the use of magnetic field concentrators, and exchange bias materials, which enables fully integrated sensors without coils and minimal crosstalk.

Role within the Collaborative Research Centre

Project A4 is closely linked with many other subprojects within the CRT1261, as it covers all aspects of the ΔE sensor principle. The enormous progress of the ΔE sensors, reflected in a sensitivity increase of almost five orders of magnitude over the last few years, has shown that it is essential to have a single project that is in charge of planning and synchronizing the development of the complete sensor system chain from the material to the design and to the electronics and data processing. Cooperation will therefore include almost all groups in Part A focusing on material parameters as well as the groups working on medical sensor systems in Part B. Below, the fields of cooperation with the individual projects are listed in more detail:

A1:	Magnetic losses, FeGaB, exchange bias, stress control.
A2:	Alternative magnetic materials such as viscous magnets.
A3:	Resonator design, Δf sensorss.
A5:	Piezotronic readout (as outlook).
A7:	Piezoelectric excitation, stress control.
A8:	FEM for sensor design and magnetic flux concentrators.
B1:	Analog electronics and noise measurement and reduction.
B2:	Digital electronics and noise reduction, multimode operation.
Z1:	Sensor fabrication.
Z2:	Sensor characterization.

Project A4 will participate in the focus group F2 “Sensor Concepts” where ΔE sensors are an important subject, but also in the focus group F1 “Modeling” because various aspects of the design of new ΔE sensors, addressed above, require modeling.

Project-related Publications

B. Spetzler, C. Bald, P. Durdaut, J. Reermann, C. Kirchhof, A. Teplyuk, D. Meyners, E. Quandt, M. Höft, G. Schmidt, F. Faupel, Exchange biased delta-E effect enables the detection of low frequency pT magnetic fields with simultaneous localization. Scientific Reports 11, 5269 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84415-2

B. Spetzler, E. V. Golubeva, R.-M. Friedrich, S. Zabel, C. Kirchhof, D. Meyners, J. McCord, F. Faupel, Magnetoelastic Coupling and Delta-E Effect in Magnetoelectric Torsion Mode Resonators, Sensors 21, 2022 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062022

P. Durdaut, E. Rubiola, J.-M. Friedt, C. Müller, B. Spetzler, C. Kirchhof, D. Meyners, E. Quandt, F. Faupel, J. McCord, R. Knöchel, M. Höft, Fundamental Noise Limits and Sensitivity of Piezoelectrically Driven Magnetoelastic Cantilevers. Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/JMEMS.2020.3014402

N. Lukat, R.-M. Friedrich, B. Spetzler, C. Kirchhof, C. Arndt, L. Thormälen, F. Faupel, C. Selhuber-Unkel, Mapping of magnetic nanoparticles and cells using thin film magnetoelectric sensors based on the delta-E effect Sens. Actuators A, 309. 112023, (2020), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112023

B. Spetzler, C. Kirchhof, J. Reermann, P. Durdaut, M. Höft, G. Schmidt, E. Quandt, F. Faupel, Influence of the quality factor on the signal to noise ratio of magnetoelectric sensors based on the delta-E effect. Appl. Phys. Lett. 114, 183504 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5096001

A. Kittmann, P. Durdaut, S. Zabel, J. Reermann, J. Schmalz, B. Spetzler, D. Meyners, N. X. Sun, J. McCord, M. Gerken, G. Schmidt, M. Höft, R. Knöchel, F. Faupel, E. Quandt, Wide Band Low Noise Love Wave Magnetic Field Sensor System. Scientific Reports, vol. 8, no. 278 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18441-4

P. Durdaut, J. Reermann, S. Zabel, C. Kirchhof, E. Quandt, F. Faupel, G. Schmidt, R. Knöchel, M. Höft, Modeling and Analysis of Noise Sources for Thin-Film Magnetoelectric Sensors Based on the Delta-E Effect. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 66, no. 10, pp. 2771-2779 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2017.2709478

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Project A4

ΔE-effect Sensors

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Role within the Collaborative Research Centre

Project-related Publications

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